中国区域长寿的环境机制

用健康地理学综合研究方法,开展了中国典型长寿区的环境研究。发现中国长寿区主要分布在我国南方,尤其是川渝、中原和东南地区以及长江三角洲、珠江三角洲聚集区;长寿区的饮用水呈弱碱性,Se、Fe、K含量适度,且高Ca、Co、Mn,低Cr、Cd、Pb;土壤、粮食中有益的微量元素较高;百岁老人头发中Li、Mg、Mn、Ca、Zn等元素普遍含量较高,Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni低。百岁老人健康还得益于良好的社会环境因素,如生理健康、心理状态积极、膳食清淡、蔬菜比例高等。该研究首次定量提示了长寿与自然环境和人文环境的关系,为促进中国"长寿之乡"发展,实现我国生态文明建设提供科学依据。     

Foreign direct investment and intellectual property rights: evidence from Hollywood's global distribution of movies and videos

Traditional thinking about intellectual property rights (IPR) suggests that as a country strengthens its IPR standards, firms will move their governance structures away from equity based institutions such as foreign direct investment (FDI) towards more market-based relations such as licensing agreements. This hypothesis is explored by examining the behavior of Hollywood studios in both the feature film and video markets in 40 foreign countries. The analysis reveals that the behavior of Hollywood studios is more complex than this: although moderate IPRs are associated with a high degree of licensing, both high and low standards of IPR encourage more integrated governance structures.     

地理标志多哈回合谈判进程及对我国农业的影响

由于世界贸易组织(WTO)的《与贸易相关的知识产权协定》(TRIPS协定)以及世界知识产权组织(WIPO)的众多国际条约的广泛而深入的影响,包括地理标志在内的知识产权法律制度已经进入了全球化的时代。对发展中国家而言,如何在国际知识产权相关问题谈判中为自身的发展赢得空间,已经不单单是一个技术问题,这将对其经济利益产生越来越重要的影响。本文认为在传统知识产权领域核心技术大部分被发达国家占据,国际知识产权保护标准主要由发达国家制定的情况下,发挥我国的传统优势,加大地理标志的保护将有利于我国参与贸易全球化,提升产品国际竞争力。因为地理标志的保护往往最能够发挥我国的资源优势,对增强我国产品的核心竞争力起到"四两拨千斤"的放大作用。文章介绍了多哈回合地理标志的最新谈判情况,以及我国目前有关地理标志的立法及保护现状。文章呼吁我国对地理标志的保护应该采取"内外兼修"的方法。即对"内",将保护地理标志作为支持农村经济发展的重要组成部分,在国内建立起一套管理统一、权利义务分明的地理标志法律体系;对"外",合理运用多边谈判和双边谈判的国际场合,在给予别国进一步市场准入的同时,大力地推动有利于我国农业发展的地理标志国际保护制度。     

知识产权保护对国际贸易的影响及中国的对策

随着经济全球化的深入,知识产权保护的国际贸易化特征凸显,发达国家与发展中国家在与贸易有关的知识产权保护领域的矛盾与冲突加剧,国际市场及利益分配格局发生改变.充分认识知识产权保护对国际贸易的影响并制定相应的知识产权策略,是中国以及广大发展中国家的重要课题.     

我国各区域农业生产资源配置效率分析

本文运用数据包络分析法测算了我国各区域农业经济的投入产出效率,指出目前我国各省市农业经济资源配置效率差异较大,其中人均化肥施用量对全国大多数省市农业劳动生产率都是最重要的,这种生产方式属于典型的“化肥农业”,并由此引发了一系列问题。文章认为,制度创新可以再造农业经济主体之间的相互关系,减少信息成本和不确定性,降低交易成本,提高生产要素配置效率,从而促进农业经济快速增长;在制度创新先行的前提下,实现农业经济组织创新与制度创新、知识创新的互动,是转变“化肥农业”生产方式,走可持续的新型农业发展道路的关键所在。     

产权市场发展与资本市场建设

本文认为,产权市场是中国特色的资本市场,市场环境还不够理想,存在一些问题:一是国有产权交易的时候,产权不够清晰;二是中国企业信用与个人诚信不能令人满意;三是中介机构素质不高;四是职业经理人阶层尚未形成;五是缺乏金融支持;六是法制环境不完善等。文章提出,中国产权市场基本设计思路是在现有环境下如何能够最大限度地既保证国有产权的有效流转又防止国有资产的流失,这就必须遵循公开和竞争的基本原则,努力建设一个多层次的资本市场。     

Domestic institutions and export performance: Evidence for Cambodia

The paper analyzes the relevance of domestic institutions for export performance of Cambodia. Regulatory quality, control of corruption, rule of law, government effectiveness, and political stability are introduced in an augmented gravity model with a panel data set over 1996–2015. The research is the first application to Cambodia, until 2015 a least developed country which is generally believed to have poorly developed institutions. Due to high multicollinearity among the variables, the institutional variables are introduced in the model one by one. Estimation is by the Hausman–Taylor method, which reduces or removes the correlation between the composite error terms and the included variables. All institutional variables show a highly significant positive relationship with Cambodia's exports, with rule of law having the largest impact. It is concluded that the government should give high priority to the further improvements of the legal environment and to strong enforcement of property rights and contracts.     

Ten lessons from a quarter of a century of post-communist economic transformation

The dominant idea in the early post-communist economic transition was that an early and comprehensive radical economic reform programme was needed. This program was accompanied by a clear programme of political economy reform, which included; a clear understanding that the old system was finished, a political breakthrough, new political leaders, new economic policymakers, the swift elaboration of a reform programme, a functioning parliament, sufficient international financial support, fast implementation, public understanding, and the overruling of any need for consensus. In hindsight, all of these factors worked when they were present. Critics warned of too sharp an output fall, which did not come to pass, lagging institutional development, and neglect of social reforms. The biggest problem has become the absence of real property rights because of captured judicial systems in the post-communist countries not belonging to the European Union.     

Do measurement-related fair value disclosures affect information asymmetry?

Using a sample of European real estate firms over the 2007–2010 period, this study provides some evidence that measurement-related fair value disclosures reduce information asymmetry. We find a negative association between the extent of fair value disclosures and the bid-ask spread, but no association with two additional measures of information asymmetry (zero returns and price impact). Contrary to our expectation, we fail to find evidence that firms using model estimates exclusively benefit the most from such additional disclosure. Analysing measurement errors (the absolute difference between the selling price of an asset and its fair value prior to sale), we find that firms that use model estimates exclusively and provide more measurement-related disclosures have lower errors and more accurate fair value estimates. In other words, if our lack of results is due to investors not using this additional disclosure this is to their detriment.